Correction and Retraction

Albariq: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab is committed to maintaining the accuracy, integrity, transparency, and reliability of the scholarly record. When errors, omissions, ethical concerns, or research misconduct are identified in published articles, the journal will take appropriate editorial action to correct the literature.

Corrections, expressions of concern, and retractions will be handled transparently and proportionately according to the nature and seriousness of the issue. The journal's primary objective is to preserve the integrity of the scholarly record rather than to punish authors.

1. General Principles

Once an article has been formally published, it becomes part of the permanent scholarly record. Therefore, substantive changes to published content must be made transparently.

Albariq: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab may take post-publication action when:

  • an error affects the accuracy or interpretation of the article;

  • important information has been omitted;

  • authorship or contributor information requires correction;

  • undisclosed conflicts of interest are identified;

  • ethical concerns arise after publication;

  • evidence of plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, duplicate publication, or other research misconduct is identified;

  • the reliability of the findings is seriously questioned; or

  • other circumstances require correction of the published record.

Depending on the nature and severity of the issue, the journal may issue a correction, expression of concern, or retraction.

2. Corrections

A correction may be published when an error or omission affects the accuracy, clarity, or interpretation of an article but does not invalidate its main findings or conclusions.

Examples may include:

  • errors in data, tables, figures, or statistical information;

  • incorrect author names or affiliations;

  • errors in references or acknowledgments;

  • incomplete or inaccurate funding information;

  • errors in conflict-of-interest declarations;

  • omission of relevant information;

  • production or editorial errors; and

  • other errors that require correction while leaving the overall findings reliable.

Minor typographical, grammatical, or formatting errors that do not affect the meaning, interpretation, or scholarly integrity of the article may not require a formal correction.

3. Author Corrections

Authors who identify a significant error in their published article should promptly notify the editorial office.

The request should clearly explain:

  1. the nature and location of the error;

  2. how the error occurred;

  3. whether the error affects the results, interpretation, or conclusions;

  4. the proposed correction; and

  5. any supporting evidence necessary for editorial assessment.

The editorial team will evaluate the request and determine whether a formal correction is required.

Authors should not attempt to modify the published version independently or conceal errors that could materially affect interpretation of the article.

4. Publisher or Editorial Corrections

When an error is introduced during editorial processing, copyediting, typesetting, production, or publication, Albariq: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab may issue a publisher or editorial correction.

The correction notice should clearly identify the original article, explain the error, and provide the corrected information.

Where appropriate, the online article may also be updated with a clear indication that a correction has been issued.

5. Expressions of Concern

An Expression of Concern may be issued when serious concerns exist regarding a published article but sufficient evidence is not yet available to justify a correction or retraction.

An Expression of Concern may be appropriate when:

  • there is credible evidence of possible research or publication misconduct;

  • an institutional investigation is ongoing;

  • evidence regarding the reliability of the article is inconclusive;

  • the authors or relevant institution have not adequately responded to serious concerns;

  • there are substantial concerns regarding research ethics;

  • an investigation is expected to take a considerable period of time; or

  • the journal considers it necessary to alert readers while further investigation is underway.

An Expression of Concern is not equivalent to a finding of misconduct. It serves to inform readers that substantial unresolved concerns exist regarding the article.

When the investigation is completed, the Expression of Concern may be followed by a correction, retraction, or other appropriate editorial action.

6. Retractions

Albariq: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab may retract a published article when there is clear evidence that its findings, content, or publication process are seriously unreliable or compromised.

Grounds for retraction may include, but are not limited to:

  • fabrication or falsification of data;

  • substantial plagiarism;

  • serious errors that invalidate the main findings or conclusions;

  • duplicate or redundant publication without appropriate disclosure;

  • unauthorized use of data, materials, or intellectual property;

  • unethical research involving human participants, animals, personal data, or other protected subjects;

  • manipulation or compromise of the peer-review process;

  • fraudulent authorship or serious authorship misconduct;

  • copyright infringement;

  • serious undisclosed conflicts of interest that materially affect the integrity of the article;

  • evidence that the research was conducted or reported in a manner that seriously violates applicable ethical standards; or

  • other serious breaches of research or publication ethics that render the article unreliable.

Retraction may occur regardless of whether the underlying problem resulted from deliberate misconduct or an unintentional but fundamental error.

7. Retraction Procedure

Before deciding to retract an article, Albariq: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab will normally conduct an appropriate investigation.

The journal may:

  • contact the corresponding author and relevant co-authors;

  • request original data, documentation, ethical approval, or other supporting evidence;

  • consult independent experts;

  • review editorial and peer-review records;

  • communicate with the authors' institution, research ethics committee, funding organization, or other relevant authority; and

  • consider the findings of institutional or external investigations.

Authors will normally be given an opportunity to respond to the concerns before a final decision is made.

However, author agreement is not required for retraction when the journal has sufficient evidence that retraction is necessary to protect the integrity of the scholarly record.

The final decision regarding retraction rests with the journal's authorized editorial leadership.

8. Retraction Notice

When an article is retracted, Albariq: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab will publish a clear and accessible retraction notice.

The notice should:

  • clearly identify the retracted article;

  • include the article title and relevant publication information;

  • state who is retracting the article;

  • clearly explain the reason for retraction;

  • distinguish between research misconduct and unintentional error where this has been established;

  • avoid defamatory or unsupported statements; and

  • be linked electronically to the original article whenever possible.

The retraction notice will form part of the permanent scholarly record.

9. Treatment of Retracted Articles

A retracted article will normally not be removed from the journal website.

Instead, the original article should remain accessible for transparency and preservation of the scholarly record, while being clearly identified as retracted.

Where technically possible:

  • the article page will be clearly marked “Retracted”;

  • the retraction notice will be linked to the original article;

  • the PDF or other published version may be clearly marked or watermarked as “Retracted”; and

  • bibliographic information will be retained to preserve the publication record.

Removal of the full text will be considered only in exceptional circumstances, such as when continued availability creates significant legal, privacy, confidentiality, or public-safety risks.

10. Article Withdrawal Before Final Publication

Withdrawal differs from retraction.

A manuscript that has been accepted or made available online but has not yet become part of the final scholarly record may, in exceptional circumstances, be withdrawn.

Reasons may include:

  • accidental duplicate publication;

  • serious ethical violations identified before final publication;

  • fraudulent or invalid data;

  • copyright or legal problems;

  • unauthorized submission; or

  • other circumstances that make publication inappropriate.

Withdrawal decisions will be made by the authorized editorial team after appropriate assessment.

Authors should not withdraw a manuscript after acceptance merely because they wish to submit the same work to another journal.

11. Article Removal

Complete removal of a published article will be considered only in rare and exceptional circumstances.

Removal may be necessary where an article:

  • contains material that violates legal rights;

  • presents serious privacy or confidentiality violations;

  • is subject to a binding legal requirement;

  • creates a serious and immediate risk to public safety; or

  • contains other material that cannot reasonably remain publicly accessible.

Where an article is removed, the journal will normally retain a bibliographic record and provide an explanation for the removal, subject to applicable legal restrictions.

12. Authorship Corrections

Requests to add, remove, or rearrange authors after publication will be carefully evaluated.

Such requests should include:

  • a clear explanation for the proposed change;

  • confirmation from all authors, including any author being added or removed; and

  • relevant documentation where necessary.

Where a legitimate authorship correction is approved, the journal will issue an appropriate correction notice rather than silently altering the publication record.

Disputed authorship cases may be referred to the relevant institution for investigation.

13. Post-Publication Updates

Albariq: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab does not normally permit substantive published content to be silently changed.

When an update affects the interpretation, attribution, integrity, or reliability of the article, the change should be documented through an appropriate correction or other editorial notice.

Metadata corrections that do not alter the scholarly substance of the article may be handled administratively where appropriate.

14. Reporting Concerns About Published Articles

Readers, researchers, reviewers, institutions, and other parties may report concerns regarding published articles to the editorial office.

Reports should identify the article concerned and provide a clear explanation and, where possible, supporting evidence.

The identity of a complainant will be treated confidentially where appropriate. Anonymous concerns may be investigated when they contain sufficient and verifiable evidence.

The journal will assess allegations based on their substance and supporting evidence rather than the identity or status of the person raising the concern.

15. Appeals

Authors may submit a reasoned appeal regarding a correction, expression of concern, or retraction decision.

An appeal should provide substantive evidence demonstrating why the editorial decision should be reconsidered.

Appeals based solely on disagreement with an editorial decision, without new evidence or evidence of procedural error, may not warrant reconsideration.

Where appropriate, an appeal may be reviewed by an editor or independent expert who was not directly involved in the original decision.

16. Preservation of the Scholarly Record

Albariq: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Arab considers the published scholarly record to be permanent. Post-publication changes will therefore be handled transparently and documented appropriately.

Corrections, expressions of concern, retractions, withdrawals, and removals will be implemented according to the seriousness of the issue and with the primary objective of maintaining an accurate, reliable, and trustworthy scholarly record.